Economic/Financial Strength/Sovereign Capital & External Financial Power

Currency Internationalisation & Reserve Status

The capacity to have the nation's currency held, invoiced and settled beyond its borders, the deepest form of financial power because it makes others' transactions run through one's own money.
factbase.org/cap/2EN9GA3F0X
World mean
4.0
of 20 · median 2.0
Range
0–20
middle half 1.0–6.0
Panel SD
±1.05
round 1 ±1.67 — the honest estimate
Leader
20
United States

Indicators

The measures seeded for this capability in the framework. They are candidate indicators: no cell in the index has a source document attached to it yet.

Band spread across 197 nations

Frontier 1
Advanced 6
Established 9
Transitional 9
Foundational 25
Nascent 33
Inception 114

All 197 nations

Best first. The score is the mean of the four adjudicators' round-3 integers, rounded to the nearest integer; ±SD is their spread on that cell. Where the spread is three points or more, read the number as a band rather than a value.

#NationRegionScoreBandPanel SD
1 🇺🇸United States Americas 20 Frontier ±0.00
2 🇫🇷France Europe 17 Advanced ±0.00
3 🇩🇪Germany Europe 17 Advanced ±0.00
4 🇯🇵Japan Asia Pacific 17 Advanced ±0.71
5 🇬🇧United Kingdom Europe 17 Advanced ±0.00
6 🇨🇳China Asia Pacific 15 Advanced ±0.43
7 🇨🇭Switzerland Europe 15 Advanced ±0.00
8 🇦🇺Australia Asia Pacific 14 Established ±0.43
9 🇧🇪Belgium Europe 14 Established ±1.12
10 🇨🇦Canada Americas 14 Established ±0.83
11 🇮🇹Italy Europe 14 Established ±0.87
12 🇳🇱Netherlands Europe 14 Established ±0.83
13 🇱🇺Luxembourg Europe 13 Established ±1.80
14 🇸🇬Singapore Asia Pacific 13 Established ±0.87
15 🇪🇸Spain Europe 13 Established ±1.12
16 🇦🇹Austria Europe 12 Established ±1.30
17 🇮🇪Ireland Europe 11 Transitional ±2.59
18 🇵🇹Portugal Europe 10 Transitional ±2.60
19 🇸🇪Sweden Europe 10 Transitional ±1.09
20 🇫🇮Finland Europe 9 Transitional ±2.59
21 🇬🇷Greece Europe 9 Transitional ±2.38
22 🇮🇳India Asia Pacific 9 Transitional ±0.87
23 🇳🇿New Zealand Asia Pacific 9 Transitional ±0.83
24 🇳🇴Norway Europe 9 Transitional ±0.83
25 🇰🇷South Korea Asia Pacific 9 Transitional ±0.83
26 🇧🇬Bulgaria Europe 8 Foundational ±3.35
27 🇭🇷Croatia Europe 8 Foundational ±3.16
28 🇨🇾Cyprus Middle East 8 Foundational ±3.16
29 🇩🇰Denmark Europe 8 Foundational ±0.83
30 🇪🇪Estonia Europe 8 Foundational ±3.16
31 🇮🇱Israel Middle East 8 Foundational ±0.87
32 🇱🇻Latvia Europe 8 Foundational ±3.16
33 🇱🇹Lithuania Europe 8 Foundational ±3.16
34 🇲🇾Malaysia Asia Pacific 8 Foundational ±0.43
35 🇲🇹Malta Europe 8 Foundational ±2.86
36 🇲🇽Mexico Americas 8 Foundational ±1.30
37 🇷🇺Russia Europe 8 Foundational ±1.23
38 🇸🇰Slovakia Europe 8 Foundational ±3.64
39 🇸🇮Slovenia Europe 8 Foundational ±3.35
40 🇿🇦South Africa Africa 8 Foundational ±1.23
41 🇹🇼Taiwan Asia Pacific 8 Foundational ±0.87
42 🇹🇭Thailand Asia Pacific 8 Foundational ±0.50
43 🇧🇷Brazil Americas 7 Foundational ±1.48
44 🇹🇷Türkiye Middle East 7 Foundational ±1.12
45 🇦🇪United Arab Emirates Middle East 7 Foundational ±1.23
46 🇨🇿Czechia Europe 6 Foundational ±1.41
47 🇭🇺Hungary Europe 6 Foundational ±1.12
48 🇮🇩Indonesia Asia Pacific 6 Foundational ±0.43
49 🇵🇱Poland Europe 6 Foundational ±1.09
50 🇸🇦Saudi Arabia Middle East 6 Foundational ±1.30
51 🇨🇱Chile Americas 5 Nascent ±2.06
52 🇰🇼Kuwait Middle East 5 Nascent ±1.12
53 🇵🇭Philippines Asia Pacific 5 Nascent ±1.12
54 🇶🇦Qatar Middle East 5 Nascent ±1.48
55 🇷🇴Romania Europe 5 Nascent ±1.09
56 🇧🇭Bahrain Middle East 4 Nascent ±1.12
57 🇨🇴Colombia Americas 4 Nascent ±1.50
58 🇮🇸Iceland Europe 4 Nascent ±1.00
59 🇯🇴Jordan Middle East 4 Nascent ±1.12
60 🇰🇿Kazakhstan Asia Pacific 4 Nascent ±0.87
61 🇰🇪Kenya Africa 4 Nascent ±1.30
62 🇲🇺Mauritius Africa 4 Nascent ±1.09
63 🇲🇦Morocco Africa 4 Nascent ±1.48
64 🇳🇬Nigeria Africa 4 Nascent ±1.12
65 🇵🇪Peru Americas 4 Nascent ±1.23
66 🇻🇳Vietnam Asia Pacific 4 Nascent ±1.12
67 🇦🇷Argentina Americas 3 Nascent ±0.83
68 🇧🇳Brunei Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±1.12
69 🇨🇮Côte d'Ivoire Africa 3 Nascent ±1.87
70 🇩🇴Dominican Republic Americas 3 Nascent ±1.12
71 🇪🇬Egypt Africa 3 Nascent ±1.09
72 🇬🇭Ghana Africa 3 Nascent ±1.12
73 🇮🇷Iran Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±0.83
74 🇯🇲Jamaica Americas 3 Nascent ±1.12
75 🇴🇲Oman Middle East 3 Nascent ±1.41
76 🇵🇰Pakistan Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±1.12
77 🇷🇸Serbia Europe 3 Nascent ±1.12
78 🇸🇨Seychelles Africa 3 Nascent ±1.50
79 🇱🇰Sri Lanka Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±1.48
80 🇹🇿Tanzania Africa 3 Nascent ±1.50
81 🇹🇹Trinidad & Tobago Americas 3 Nascent ±1.48
82 🇺🇬Uganda Africa 3 Nascent ±1.50
83 🇺🇾Uruguay Americas 3 Nascent ±1.09
84 🇦🇱Albania Europe 2 Inception ±0.87
85 🇩🇿Algeria Africa 2 Inception ±0.71
86 🇦🇴Angola Africa 2 Inception ±1.12
87 🇦🇲Armenia Middle East 2 Inception ±1.09
88 🇦🇿Azerbaijan Middle East 2 Inception ±1.09
89 🇧🇸Bahamas Americas 2 Inception ±0.71
90 🇧🇩Bangladesh Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.71
91 🇧🇯Benin Africa 2 Inception ±1.48
92 🇧🇦Bosnia & Herzegovina Europe 2 Inception ±0.87
93 🇧🇼Botswana Africa 2 Inception ±0.71
94 🇧🇫Burkina Faso Africa 2 Inception ±1.50
95 🇰🇭Cambodia Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±1.12
96 🇨🇲Cameroon Africa 2 Inception ±1.87
97 🇨🇬Congo Africa 2 Inception ±1.92
98 🇨🇷Costa Rica Americas 2 Inception ±1.09
99 🇩🇲Dominica Americas 2 Inception ±1.50
100 🇬🇶Equatorial Guinea Africa 2 Inception ±1.48
101 🇸🇿Eswatini Africa 2 Inception ±0.87
102 🇪🇹Ethiopia Africa 2 Inception ±0.83
103 🇫🇯Fiji Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.87
104 🇬🇦Gabon Africa 2 Inception ±1.87
105 🇬🇪Georgia Middle East 2 Inception ±0.83
106 🇬🇩Grenada Americas 2 Inception ±1.50
107 🇬🇹Guatemala Americas 2 Inception ±1.41
108 🇬🇾Guyana Americas 2 Inception ±1.12
109 🇭🇳Honduras Americas 2 Inception ±1.09
110 🇰🇬Kyrgyzstan Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.71
111 🇱🇸Lesotho Africa 2 Inception ±0.87
112 🇱🇮Liechtenstein Europe 2 Inception ±0.43
113 🇲🇱Mali Africa 2 Inception ±1.50
114 🇲🇨Monaco Europe 2 Inception ±0.83
115 🇲🇳Mongolia Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.87
116 🇳🇦Namibia Africa 2 Inception ±1.09
117 🇳🇵Nepal Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.87
118 🇳🇪Niger Africa 2 Inception ±1.50
119 🇲🇰North Macedonia Europe 2 Inception ±0.87
120 🇵🇦Panama Americas 2 Inception ±0.83
121 🇵🇬Papua New Guinea Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.87
122 🇵🇾Paraguay Americas 2 Inception ±1.09
123 🇷🇼Rwanda Africa 2 Inception ±0.87
124 🇸🇳Senegal Africa 2 Inception ±1.41
125 🇹🇯Tajikistan Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.87
126 🇹🇬Togo Africa 2 Inception ±1.48
127 🇹🇳Tunisia Africa 2 Inception ±1.09
128 🇺🇦Ukraine Europe 2 Inception ±0.83
129 🇺🇿Uzbekistan Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±1.41
130 🇿🇲Zambia Africa 2 Inception ±1.41
131 🇦🇩Andorra Europe 1 Inception ±0.71
132 🇦🇬Antigua & Barbuda Americas 1 Inception ±0.71
133 🇧🇧Barbados Americas 1 Inception ±0.83
134 🇧🇾Belarus Europe 1 Inception ±0.83
135 🇧🇿Belize Americas 1 Inception ±0.71
136 🇧🇹Bhutan Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.43
137 🇧🇴Bolivia Americas 1 Inception ±0.83
138 🇧🇮Burundi Africa 1 Inception ±0.50
139 🇨🇻Cabo Verde Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
140 🇨🇫Central African Rep. Africa 1 Inception ±1.64
141 🇹🇩Chad Africa 1 Inception ±1.64
142 🇰🇲Comoros Africa 1 Inception ±0.50
143 🇨🇺Cuba Americas 1 Inception ±0.43
144 🇩🇯Djibouti Africa 1 Inception ±0.83
145 🇨🇩DR Congo Africa 1 Inception ±0.71
146 🇪🇨Ecuador Americas 1 Inception ±0.83
147 🇸🇻El Salvador Americas 1 Inception ±0.83
148 🇪🇷Eritrea Africa 1 Inception ±0.50
149 🇬🇲Gambia Africa 1 Inception ±0.71
150 🇬🇳Guinea Africa 1 Inception ±0.71
151 🇬🇼Guinea-Bissau Africa 1 Inception ±1.64
152 🇻🇦Holy See Europe 1 Inception ±0.43
153 🇮🇶Iraq Middle East 1 Inception ±0.83
154 🇽🇰Kosovo Europe 1 Inception ±0.43
155 🇱🇦Laos Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.83
156 🇱🇧Lebanon Middle East 1 Inception ±0.83
157 🇱🇷Liberia Africa 1 Inception ±0.71
158 🇱🇾Libya Africa 1 Inception ±0.83
159 🇲🇬Madagascar Africa 1 Inception ±0.71
160 🇲🇼Malawi Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
161 🇲🇻Maldives Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.83
162 🇲🇷Mauritania Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
163 🇲🇩Moldova Europe 1 Inception ±0.83
164 🇲🇪Montenegro Europe 1 Inception ±0.83
165 🇲🇿Mozambique Africa 1 Inception ±0.71
166 🇲🇲Myanmar Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.83
167 🇳🇮Nicaragua Americas 1 Inception ±0.71
168 🇵🇸Palestine Middle East 1 Inception ±0.50
169 🇰🇳Saint Kitts & Nevis Americas 1 Inception ±0.71
170 🇱🇨Saint Lucia Americas 1 Inception ±0.71
171 🇻🇨Saint Vincent & Grenadines Americas 1 Inception ±0.71
172 🇼🇸Samoa Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.43
173 🇸🇲San Marino Europe 1 Inception ±0.43
174 🇸🇹São Tomé & Príncipe Africa 1 Inception ±0.50
175 🇸🇱Sierra Leone Africa 1 Inception ±0.71
176 🇸🇧Solomon Islands Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.71
177 🇸🇩Sudan Africa 1 Inception ±0.50
178 🇸🇷Suriname Americas 1 Inception ±0.71
179 🇸🇾Syria Middle East 1 Inception ±0.50
180 🇹🇱Timor-Leste Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.83
181 🇹🇴Tonga Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.43
182 🇹🇲Turkmenistan Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.71
183 🇹🇻Tuvalu Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.43
184 🇻🇺Vanuatu Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.43
185 🇻🇪Venezuela Americas 1 Inception ±1.30
186 🇾🇪Yemen Middle East 1 Inception ±0.50
187 🇿🇼Zimbabwe Africa 1 Inception ±0.83
188 🇦🇫Afghanistan Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
189 🇭🇹Haiti Americas 0 Inception ±0.43
190 🇰🇮Kiribati Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.43
191 🇲🇭Marshall Islands Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.43
192 🇫🇲Micronesia Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.43
193 🇳🇷Nauru Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.43
194 🇰🇵North Korea Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.43
195 🇵🇼Palau Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.43
196 🇸🇴Somalia Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
197 🇸🇸South Sudan Africa 0 Inception ±0.43

Others in Sovereign Capital & External Financial Power

CapabilityWorld meanRangeLeader
Official Reserves Management8.71–20Singapore
Sovereign Wealth & Public Asset Management6.20–20Norway, Singapore
Capital Account & Flow Management8.51–19Singapore, Switzerland, United States
International Financial Centre Capability5.30–20United States