Hard/Critical Technology/Biotechnology & Health Technologies

Synthetic Biology & Genetic Engineering

The capacity to write biology: engineering organisms and biological systems, gene editing, design tools and the platform technologies that turn biology into an engineering discipline.
factbase.org/cap/GKT52EY61S
World mean
4.5
of 20 · median 2.0
Range
0–20
middle half 1.0–7.0
Panel SD
±0.20
round 1 ±0.82 — the honest estimate
Leader
20
United States

Indicators

The measures seeded for this capability in the framework. They are candidate indicators: no cell in the index has a source document attached to it yet.

Band spread across 197 nations

Frontier 3
Advanced 13
Established 8
Transitional 13
Foundational 26
Nascent 32
Inception 102

All 197 nations

Best first. The score is the mean of the four adjudicators' round-3 integers, rounded to the nearest integer; ±SD is their spread on that cell. Where the spread is three points or more, read the number as a band rather than a value.

#NationRegionScoreBandPanel SD
1 🇺🇸United States Americas 20 Frontier ±0.00
2 🇨🇳China Asia Pacific 18 Frontier ±0.43
3 🇬🇧United Kingdom Europe 18 Frontier ±0.00
4 🇫🇷France Europe 17 Advanced ±0.43
5 🇩🇪Germany Europe 17 Advanced ±0.43
6 🇮🇱Israel Middle East 17 Advanced ±0.43
7 🇯🇵Japan Asia Pacific 17 Advanced ±0.43
8 🇳🇱Netherlands Europe 17 Advanced ±0.43
9 🇨🇭Switzerland Europe 17 Advanced ±0.00
10 🇨🇦Canada Americas 16 Advanced ±0.50
11 🇩🇰Denmark Europe 16 Advanced ±0.43
12 🇸🇬Singapore Asia Pacific 16 Advanced ±0.43
13 🇰🇷South Korea Asia Pacific 16 Advanced ±0.00
14 🇸🇪Sweden Europe 16 Advanced ±0.00
15 🇦🇺Australia Asia Pacific 15 Advanced ±0.00
16 🇧🇪Belgium Europe 15 Advanced ±0.50
17 🇫🇮Finland Europe 14 Established ±0.43
18 🇦🇹Austria Europe 13 Established ±0.00
19 🇮🇳India Asia Pacific 13 Established ±0.50
20 🇮🇹Italy Europe 13 Established ±0.43
21 🇪🇸Spain Europe 13 Established ±0.00
22 🇹🇼Taiwan Asia Pacific 13 Established ±0.00
23 🇧🇷Brazil Americas 12 Established ±0.00
24 🇳🇴Norway Europe 12 Established ±0.00
25 🇦🇷Argentina Americas 11 Transitional ±0.50
26 🇮🇪Ireland Europe 11 Transitional ±0.00
27 🇳🇿New Zealand Asia Pacific 11 Transitional ±0.00
28 🇷🇺Russia Europe 11 Transitional ±0.43
29 🇵🇱Poland Europe 10 Transitional ±0.43
30 🇵🇹Portugal Europe 10 Transitional ±0.71
31 🇿🇦South Africa Africa 10 Transitional ±0.50
32 🇹🇷Türkiye Middle East 10 Transitional ±0.00
33 🇨🇿Czechia Europe 9 Transitional ±0.43
34 🇭🇺Hungary Europe 9 Transitional ±0.43
35 🇮🇷Iran Asia Pacific 9 Transitional ±0.83
36 🇲🇾Malaysia Asia Pacific 9 Transitional ±0.00
37 🇲🇽Mexico Americas 9 Transitional ±0.00
38 🇨🇺Cuba Americas 8 Foundational ±0.83
39 🇪🇪Estonia Europe 8 Foundational ±0.43
40 🇬🇷Greece Europe 8 Foundational ±0.00
41 🇱🇹Lithuania Europe 8 Foundational ±0.83
42 🇷🇴Romania Europe 8 Foundational ±0.50
43 🇸🇦Saudi Arabia Middle East 8 Foundational ±0.71
44 🇸🇮Slovenia Europe 8 Foundational ±0.43
45 🇹🇭Thailand Asia Pacific 8 Foundational ±0.00
46 🇦🇪United Arab Emirates Middle East 8 Foundational ±0.50
47 🇪🇬Egypt Africa 7 Foundational ±0.00
48 🇮🇸Iceland Europe 7 Foundational ±0.50
49 🇮🇩Indonesia Asia Pacific 7 Foundational ±0.00
50 🇱🇻Latvia Europe 7 Foundational ±0.50
51 🇷🇸Serbia Europe 7 Foundational ±0.43
52 🇧🇬Bulgaria Europe 6 Foundational ±0.00
53 🇨🇱Chile Americas 6 Foundational ±0.43
54 🇨🇴Colombia Americas 6 Foundational ±0.43
55 🇭🇷Croatia Europe 6 Foundational ±0.00
56 🇰🇪Kenya Africa 6 Foundational ±0.00
57 🇱🇺Luxembourg Europe 6 Foundational ±0.00
58 🇵🇰Pakistan Asia Pacific 6 Foundational ±0.00
59 🇵🇭Philippines Asia Pacific 6 Foundational ±0.43
60 🇸🇰Slovakia Europe 6 Foundational ±0.43
61 🇹🇳Tunisia Africa 6 Foundational ±0.50
62 🇺🇦Ukraine Europe 6 Foundational ±0.00
63 🇻🇳Vietnam Asia Pacific 6 Foundational ±0.00
64 🇧🇾Belarus Europe 5 Nascent ±0.43
65 🇬🇭Ghana Africa 5 Nascent ±0.00
66 🇰🇿Kazakhstan Asia Pacific 5 Nascent ±0.43
67 🇲🇦Morocco Africa 5 Nascent ±0.00
68 🇳🇬Nigeria Africa 5 Nascent ±0.43
69 🇺🇾Uruguay Americas 5 Nascent ±0.43
70 🇧🇩Bangladesh Asia Pacific 4 Nascent ±0.00
71 🇨🇷Costa Rica Americas 4 Nascent ±0.00
72 🇨🇾Cyprus Middle East 4 Nascent ±0.43
73 🇪🇨Ecuador Americas 4 Nascent ±0.50
74 🇪🇹Ethiopia Africa 4 Nascent ±0.71
75 🇬🇪Georgia Middle East 4 Nascent ±0.00
76 🇯🇴Jordan Middle East 4 Nascent ±0.43
77 🇱🇧Lebanon Middle East 4 Nascent ±0.00
78 🇲🇹Malta Europe 4 Nascent ±0.43
79 🇲🇺Mauritius Africa 4 Nascent ±0.00
80 🇵🇪Peru Americas 4 Nascent ±0.00
81 🇶🇦Qatar Middle East 4 Nascent ±0.50
82 🇺🇬Uganda Africa 4 Nascent ±0.43
83 🇩🇿Algeria Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
84 🇦🇲Armenia Middle East 3 Nascent ±0.00
85 🇯🇲Jamaica Americas 3 Nascent ±0.00
86 🇰🇼Kuwait Middle East 3 Nascent ±0.00
87 🇲🇩Moldova Europe 3 Nascent ±0.00
88 🇵🇦Panama Americas 3 Nascent ±0.50
89 🇷🇼Rwanda Africa 3 Nascent ±0.43
90 🇸🇳Senegal Africa 3 Nascent ±0.43
91 🇱🇰Sri Lanka Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±0.00
92 🇹🇿Tanzania Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
93 🇺🇿Uzbekistan Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±0.43
94 🇻🇪Venezuela Americas 3 Nascent ±0.00
95 🇿🇼Zimbabwe Africa 3 Nascent ±0.43
96 🇦🇿Azerbaijan Middle East 2 Inception ±0.00
97 🇧🇭Bahrain Middle East 2 Inception ±0.50
98 🇧🇦Bosnia & Herzegovina Europe 2 Inception ±0.00
99 🇧🇫Burkina Faso Africa 2 Inception ±0.71
100 🇨🇲Cameroon Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
101 🇨🇮Côte d'Ivoire Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
102 🇩🇴Dominican Republic Americas 2 Inception ±0.43
103 🇸🇻El Salvador Americas 2 Inception ±0.00
104 🇬🇹Guatemala Americas 2 Inception ±0.00
105 🇭🇳Honduras Americas 2 Inception ±0.00
106 🇮🇶Iraq Middle East 2 Inception ±0.00
107 🇰🇬Kyrgyzstan Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.00
108 🇱🇮Liechtenstein Europe 2 Inception ±0.50
109 🇲🇬Madagascar Africa 2 Inception ±0.43
110 🇲🇼Malawi Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
111 🇲🇳Mongolia Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.43
112 🇲🇪Montenegro Europe 2 Inception ±0.00
113 🇲🇿Mozambique Africa 2 Inception ±0.43
114 🇲🇲Myanmar Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.00
115 🇳🇦Namibia Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
116 🇳🇵Nepal Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.00
117 🇰🇵North Korea Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±1.23
118 🇲🇰North Macedonia Europe 2 Inception ±0.00
119 🇴🇲Oman Middle East 2 Inception ±0.43
120 🇵🇾Paraguay Americas 2 Inception ±0.43
121 🇹🇹Trinidad & Tobago Americas 2 Inception ±0.00
122 🇿🇲Zambia Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
123 🇦🇱Albania Europe 1 Inception ±0.00
124 🇦🇴Angola Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
125 🇧🇧Barbados Americas 1 Inception ±0.00
126 🇧🇯Benin Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
127 🇧🇴Bolivia Americas 1 Inception ±0.43
128 🇧🇼Botswana Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
129 🇧🇳Brunei Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
130 🇰🇭Cambodia Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
131 🇨🇬Congo Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
132 🇨🇩DR Congo Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
133 🇸🇿Eswatini Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
134 🇫🇯Fiji Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
135 🇬🇦Gabon Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
136 🇬🇲Gambia Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
137 🇬🇩Grenada Americas 1 Inception ±0.50
138 🇬🇳Guinea Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
139 🇬🇾Guyana Americas 1 Inception ±0.43
140 🇭🇹Haiti Americas 1 Inception ±0.43
141 🇽🇰Kosovo Europe 1 Inception ±0.43
142 🇱🇦Laos Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
143 🇱🇸Lesotho Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
144 🇱🇷Liberia Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
145 🇱🇾Libya Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
146 🇲🇻Maldives Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.50
147 🇲🇱Mali Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
148 🇲🇷Mauritania Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
149 🇲🇨Monaco Europe 1 Inception ±0.71
150 🇳🇮Nicaragua Americas 1 Inception ±0.43
151 🇳🇪Niger Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
152 🇵🇸Palestine Middle East 1 Inception ±0.43
153 🇵🇬Papua New Guinea Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.43
154 🇸🇨Seychelles Africa 1 Inception ±0.43
155 🇸🇱Sierra Leone Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
156 🇸🇩Sudan Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
157 🇹🇯Tajikistan Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.43
158 🇹🇬Togo Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
159 🇦🇫Afghanistan Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
160 🇦🇩Andorra Europe 0 Inception ±0.00
161 🇦🇬Antigua & Barbuda Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
162 🇧🇸Bahamas Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
163 🇧🇿Belize Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
164 🇧🇹Bhutan Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
165 🇧🇮Burundi Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
166 🇨🇻Cabo Verde Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
167 🇨🇫Central African Rep. Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
168 🇹🇩Chad Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
169 🇰🇲Comoros Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
170 🇩🇯Djibouti Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
171 🇩🇲Dominica Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
172 🇬🇶Equatorial Guinea Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
173 🇪🇷Eritrea Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
174 🇬🇼Guinea-Bissau Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
175 🇻🇦Holy See Europe 0 Inception ±0.00
176 🇰🇮Kiribati Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
177 🇲🇭Marshall Islands Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
178 🇫🇲Micronesia Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
179 🇳🇷Nauru Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
180 🇵🇼Palau Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
181 🇰🇳Saint Kitts & Nevis Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
182 🇱🇨Saint Lucia Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
183 🇻🇨Saint Vincent & Grenadines Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
184 🇼🇸Samoa Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
185 🇸🇲San Marino Europe 0 Inception ±0.00
186 🇸🇹São Tomé & Príncipe Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
187 🇸🇧Solomon Islands Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
188 🇸🇴Somalia Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
189 🇸🇸South Sudan Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
190 🇸🇷Suriname Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
191 🇸🇾Syria Middle East 0 Inception ±0.43
192 🇹🇱Timor-Leste Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
193 🇹🇴Tonga Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
194 🇹🇲Turkmenistan Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
195 🇹🇻Tuvalu Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
196 🇻🇺Vanuatu Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
197 🇾🇪Yemen Middle East 0 Inception ±0.00

Others in Biotechnology & Health Technologies

CapabilityWorld meanRangeLeader
Genomics & Biological Data5.60–20United States
Biomanufacturing4.60–20United States
Nuclear Medicine & Radioisotope Technologies4.30–20United States
Advanced Therapeutics, Vaccines & Medical Countermeasures4.50–20United States