Hard/Critical Technology/Space Technologies

Satellite & Constellation Technologies

The capacity to design and produce spacecraft: satellite buses and payloads, constellation architectures, in-orbit servicing, and the manufacturing technology that turned satellites from artisanal to serial.
factbase.org/cap/GJS581S62J
World mean
3.7
of 20 · median 2.0
Range
0–20
middle half 0.0–5.0
Panel SD
±0.29
round 1 ±0.76 — the honest estimate
Leader
20
United States

Indicators

The measures seeded for this capability in the framework. They are candidate indicators: no cell in the index has a source document attached to it yet.

Band spread across 197 nations

Frontier 4
Advanced 8
Established 11
Transitional 8
Foundational 18
Nascent 28
Inception 120

All 197 nations

Best first. The score is the mean of the four adjudicators' round-3 integers, rounded to the nearest integer; ±SD is their spread on that cell. Where the spread is three points or more, read the number as a band rather than a value.

#NationRegionScoreBandPanel SD
1 🇺🇸United States Americas 20 Frontier ±0.00
2 🇨🇳China Asia Pacific 19 Frontier ±0.50
3 🇫🇷France Europe 18 Frontier ±0.00
4 🇯🇵Japan Asia Pacific 18 Frontier ±0.43
5 🇩🇪Germany Europe 17 Advanced ±0.00
6 🇬🇧United Kingdom Europe 17 Advanced ±0.00
7 🇮🇳India Asia Pacific 16 Advanced ±0.00
8 🇮🇱Israel Middle East 16 Advanced ±0.43
9 🇮🇹Italy Europe 16 Advanced ±0.50
10 🇷🇺Russia Europe 16 Advanced ±0.43
11 🇰🇷South Korea Asia Pacific 16 Advanced ±0.43
12 🇨🇦Canada Americas 15 Advanced ±0.00
13 🇳🇱Netherlands Europe 14 Established ±0.43
14 🇪🇸Spain Europe 14 Established ±0.00
15 🇸🇪Sweden Europe 14 Established ±0.43
16 🇦🇷Argentina Americas 13 Established ±0.50
17 🇫🇮Finland Europe 13 Established ±0.50
18 🇹🇼Taiwan Asia Pacific 13 Established ±0.71
19 🇦🇺Australia Asia Pacific 12 Established ±0.71
20 🇧🇪Belgium Europe 12 Established ±0.00
21 🇧🇷Brazil Americas 12 Established ±0.43
22 🇸🇬Singapore Asia Pacific 12 Established ±0.00
23 🇨🇭Switzerland Europe 12 Established ±1.23
24 🇵🇱Poland Europe 11 Transitional ±0.50
25 🇹🇷Türkiye Middle East 11 Transitional ±0.43
26 🇦🇪United Arab Emirates Middle East 11 Transitional ±0.43
27 🇩🇰Denmark Europe 10 Transitional ±1.23
28 🇳🇿New Zealand Asia Pacific 10 Transitional ±1.48
29 🇳🇴Norway Europe 10 Transitional ±0.43
30 🇿🇦South Africa Africa 10 Transitional ±1.09
31 🇱🇹Lithuania Europe 9 Transitional ±1.66
32 🇦🇹Austria Europe 8 Foundational ±0.83
33 🇮🇷Iran Asia Pacific 8 Foundational ±0.00
34 🇸🇦Saudi Arabia Middle East 8 Foundational ±0.00
35 🇺🇦Ukraine Europe 8 Foundational ±0.00
36 🇧🇬Bulgaria Europe 7 Foundational ±1.23
37 🇨🇿Czechia Europe 7 Foundational ±0.43
38 🇮🇩Indonesia Asia Pacific 7 Foundational ±0.43
39 🇲🇾Malaysia Asia Pacific 7 Foundational ±0.00
40 🇵🇰Pakistan Asia Pacific 7 Foundational ±0.50
41 🇵🇹Portugal Europe 7 Foundational ±0.43
42 🇷🇴Romania Europe 7 Foundational ±0.50
43 🇪🇬Egypt Africa 6 Foundational ±0.43
44 🇪🇪Estonia Europe 6 Foundational ±0.50
45 🇭🇺Hungary Europe 6 Foundational ±0.43
46 🇱🇺Luxembourg Europe 6 Foundational ±0.83
47 🇲🇽Mexico Americas 6 Foundational ±0.50
48 🇰🇵North Korea Asia Pacific 6 Foundational ±0.00
49 🇹🇭Thailand Asia Pacific 6 Foundational ±0.00
50 🇨🇱Chile Americas 5 Nascent ±0.43
51 🇬🇷Greece Europe 5 Nascent ±0.00
52 🇮🇪Ireland Europe 5 Nascent ±0.00
53 🇰🇿Kazakhstan Asia Pacific 5 Nascent ±0.00
54 🇳🇬Nigeria Africa 5 Nascent ±0.43
55 🇵🇭Philippines Asia Pacific 5 Nascent ±0.00
56 🇸🇰Slovakia Europe 5 Nascent ±0.50
57 🇸🇮Slovenia Europe 5 Nascent ±0.43
58 🇻🇳Vietnam Asia Pacific 5 Nascent ±0.43
59 🇩🇿Algeria Africa 4 Nascent ±0.83
60 🇧🇾Belarus Europe 4 Nascent ±0.83
61 🇱🇻Latvia Europe 4 Nascent ±0.43
62 🇲🇦Morocco Africa 4 Nascent ±0.43
63 🇵🇪Peru Americas 4 Nascent ±0.00
64 🇨🇴Colombia Americas 3 Nascent ±0.43
65 🇭🇷Croatia Europe 3 Nascent ±0.50
66 🇪🇨Ecuador Americas 3 Nascent ±0.00
67 🇪🇹Ethiopia Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
68 🇬🇭Ghana Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
69 🇯🇴Jordan Middle East 3 Nascent ±0.00
70 🇰🇪Kenya Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
71 🇰🇼Kuwait Middle East 3 Nascent ±0.50
72 🇲🇺Mauritius Africa 3 Nascent ±0.50
73 🇷🇼Rwanda Africa 3 Nascent ±0.43
74 🇸🇳Senegal Africa 3 Nascent ±0.43
75 🇷🇸Serbia Europe 3 Nascent ±0.43
76 🇱🇰Sri Lanka Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±0.00
77 🇹🇳Tunisia Africa 3 Nascent ±0.43
78 🇦🇲Armenia Middle East 2 Inception ±0.50
79 🇦🇿Azerbaijan Middle East 2 Inception ±0.43
80 🇧🇭Bahrain Middle East 2 Inception ±0.43
81 🇧🇩Bangladesh Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.43
82 🇧🇼Botswana Africa 2 Inception ±0.50
83 🇨🇷Costa Rica Americas 2 Inception ±0.43
84 🇨🇺Cuba Americas 2 Inception ±0.50
85 🇸🇻El Salvador Americas 2 Inception ±0.87
86 🇬🇪Georgia Middle East 2 Inception ±0.87
87 🇬🇹Guatemala Americas 2 Inception ±0.43
88 🇭🇳Honduras Americas 2 Inception ±0.43
89 🇲🇩Moldova Europe 2 Inception ±0.50
90 🇲🇳Mongolia Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.43
91 🇳🇵Nepal Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.00
92 🇴🇲Oman Middle East 2 Inception ±0.83
93 🇵🇾Paraguay Americas 2 Inception ±0.43
94 🇶🇦Qatar Middle East 2 Inception ±0.43
95 🇹🇿Tanzania Africa 2 Inception ±0.50
96 🇺🇬Uganda Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
97 🇺🇾Uruguay Americas 2 Inception ±0.43
98 🇻🇪Venezuela Americas 2 Inception ±0.43
99 🇿🇼Zimbabwe Africa 2 Inception ±0.50
100 🇦🇴Angola Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
101 🇧🇹Bhutan Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.71
102 🇧🇴Bolivia Americas 1 Inception ±0.43
103 🇧🇦Bosnia & Herzegovina Europe 1 Inception ±0.43
104 🇨🇮Côte d'Ivoire Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
105 🇨🇾Cyprus Middle East 1 Inception ±0.83
106 🇩🇴Dominican Republic Americas 1 Inception ±0.43
107 🇫🇯Fiji Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.43
108 🇮🇸Iceland Europe 1 Inception ±0.71
109 🇮🇶Iraq Middle East 1 Inception ±0.50
110 🇯🇲Jamaica Americas 1 Inception ±0.43
111 🇰🇬Kyrgyzstan Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.43
112 🇱🇧Lebanon Middle East 1 Inception ±0.71
113 🇲🇹Malta Europe 1 Inception ±0.43
114 🇲🇪Montenegro Europe 1 Inception ±0.50
115 🇲🇲Myanmar Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.50
116 🇳🇦Namibia Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
117 🇲🇰North Macedonia Europe 1 Inception ±0.50
118 🇵🇦Panama Americas 1 Inception ±0.50
119 🇹🇹Trinidad & Tobago Americas 1 Inception ±0.43
120 🇺🇿Uzbekistan Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
121 🇦🇫Afghanistan Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
122 🇦🇱Albania Europe 0 Inception ±0.00
123 🇦🇩Andorra Europe 0 Inception ±0.00
124 🇦🇬Antigua & Barbuda Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
125 🇧🇸Bahamas Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
126 🇧🇧Barbados Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
127 🇧🇿Belize Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
128 🇧🇯Benin Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
129 🇧🇳Brunei Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
130 🇧🇫Burkina Faso Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
131 🇧🇮Burundi Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
132 🇨🇻Cabo Verde Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
133 🇰🇭Cambodia Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
134 🇨🇲Cameroon Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
135 🇨🇫Central African Rep. Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
136 🇹🇩Chad Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
137 🇰🇲Comoros Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
138 🇨🇬Congo Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
139 🇩🇯Djibouti Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
140 🇩🇲Dominica Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
141 🇨🇩DR Congo Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
142 🇬🇶Equatorial Guinea Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
143 🇪🇷Eritrea Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
144 🇸🇿Eswatini Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
145 🇬🇦Gabon Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
146 🇬🇲Gambia Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
147 🇬🇩Grenada Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
148 🇬🇳Guinea Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
149 🇬🇼Guinea-Bissau Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
150 🇬🇾Guyana Americas 0 Inception ±0.43
151 🇭🇹Haiti Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
152 🇻🇦Holy See Europe 0 Inception ±0.00
153 🇰🇮Kiribati Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
154 🇽🇰Kosovo Europe 0 Inception ±0.00
155 🇱🇦Laos Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.43
156 🇱🇸Lesotho Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
157 🇱🇷Liberia Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
158 🇱🇾Libya Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
159 🇱🇮Liechtenstein Europe 0 Inception ±0.00
160 🇲🇬Madagascar Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
161 🇲🇼Malawi Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
162 🇲🇻Maldives Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.43
163 🇲🇱Mali Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
164 🇲🇭Marshall Islands Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
165 🇲🇷Mauritania Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
166 🇫🇲Micronesia Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
167 🇲🇨Monaco Europe 0 Inception ±0.00
168 🇲🇿Mozambique Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
169 🇳🇷Nauru Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
170 🇳🇮Nicaragua Americas 0 Inception ±0.43
171 🇳🇪Niger Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
172 🇵🇼Palau Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
173 🇵🇸Palestine Middle East 0 Inception ±0.00
174 🇵🇬Papua New Guinea Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
175 🇰🇳Saint Kitts & Nevis Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
176 🇱🇨Saint Lucia Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
177 🇻🇨Saint Vincent & Grenadines Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
178 🇼🇸Samoa Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
179 🇸🇲San Marino Europe 0 Inception ±0.00
180 🇸🇹São Tomé & Príncipe Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
181 🇸🇨Seychelles Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
182 🇸🇱Sierra Leone Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
183 🇸🇧Solomon Islands Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
184 🇸🇴Somalia Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
185 🇸🇸South Sudan Africa 0 Inception ±0.00
186 🇸🇩Sudan Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
187 🇸🇷Suriname Americas 0 Inception ±0.00
188 🇸🇾Syria Middle East 0 Inception ±0.00
189 🇹🇯Tajikistan Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.43
190 🇹🇱Timor-Leste Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
191 🇹🇬Togo Africa 0 Inception ±0.43
192 🇹🇴Tonga Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
193 🇹🇲Turkmenistan Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.43
194 🇹🇻Tuvalu Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
195 🇻🇺Vanuatu Asia Pacific 0 Inception ±0.00
196 🇾🇪Yemen Middle East 0 Inception ±0.00
197 🇿🇲Zambia Africa 0 Inception ±0.00

Others in Space Technologies

CapabilityWorld meanRangeLeader
Space Launch & Reusable Systems1.70–20United States
Advanced Propulsion & Hypersonic Systems2.20–20United States