Public Expenditure & Budget Management — National Capability Index

Indicators

The measures seeded for this capability in the framework. They are candidate indicators: no cell in the index has a source document attached to it yet.

budget outturn against approved budget
expenditure management assessment scores
fiscal balance to GDP
arrears as share of expenditure

Band spread across 197 nations

Frontier 6

Advanced 18

Established 41

Transitional 39

Foundational 53

Nascent 34

Inception 6

All 197 nations

Best first. The score is the mean of the four adjudicators' round-3 integers, rounded to the nearest integer; ±SD is their spread on that cell. Where the spread is three points or more, read the number as a band rather than a value.

#	Nation	Region	Score	Band	Panel SD
1	🇦🇺Australia	Asia Pacific	18	Frontier	±0.50
2	🇩🇰Denmark	Europe	18	Frontier	±0.50
3	🇳🇴Norway	Europe	18	Frontier	±0.50
4	🇸🇬Singapore	Asia Pacific	18	Frontier	±0.43
5	🇸🇪Sweden	Europe	18	Frontier	±0.50
6	🇨🇭Switzerland	Europe	18	Frontier	±0.43
7	🇨🇦Canada	Americas	17	Advanced	±0.00
8	🇫🇮Finland	Europe	17	Advanced	±0.43
9	🇩🇪Germany	Europe	17	Advanced	±0.43
10	🇳🇱Netherlands	Europe	17	Advanced	±0.00
11	🇳🇿New Zealand	Asia Pacific	17	Advanced	±0.43
12	🇬🇧United Kingdom	Europe	17	Advanced	±0.83
13	🇦🇹Austria	Europe	16	Advanced	±0.43
14	🇪🇪Estonia	Europe	16	Advanced	±0.43
15	🇫🇷France	Europe	16	Advanced	±0.43
16	🇯🇵Japan	Asia Pacific	16	Advanced	±0.71
17	🇱🇺Luxembourg	Europe	16	Advanced	±0.43
18	🇰🇷South Korea	Asia Pacific	16	Advanced	±0.00
19	🇧🇪Belgium	Europe	15	Advanced	±0.43
20	🇨🇱Chile	Americas	15	Advanced	±0.00
21	🇮🇪Ireland	Europe	15	Advanced	±0.43
22	🇮🇱Israel	Middle East	15	Advanced	±0.00
23	🇹🇼Taiwan	Asia Pacific	15	Advanced	±0.00
24	🇺🇸United States	Americas	15	Advanced	±0.83
25	🇨🇿Czechia	Europe	14	Established	±0.00
26	🇮🇸Iceland	Europe	14	Established	±0.00
27	🇱🇻Latvia	Europe	14	Established	±0.43
28	🇱🇮Liechtenstein	Europe	14	Established	±0.50
29	🇱🇹Lithuania	Europe	14	Established	±0.00
30	🇵🇱Poland	Europe	14	Established	±0.00
31	🇵🇹Portugal	Europe	14	Established	±0.00
32	🇸🇮Slovenia	Europe	14	Established	±0.00
33	🇪🇸Spain	Europe	14	Established	±0.00
34	🇨🇳China	Asia Pacific	13	Established	±0.71
35	🇭🇷Croatia	Europe	13	Established	±0.00
36	🇬🇷Greece	Europe	13	Established	±0.50
37	🇮🇹Italy	Europe	13	Established	±0.43
38	🇲🇾Malaysia	Asia Pacific	13	Established	±0.00
39	🇲🇹Malta	Europe	13	Established	±0.00
40	🇲🇺Mauritius	Africa	13	Established	±0.43
41	🇲🇨Monaco	Europe	13	Established	±0.00
42	🇶🇦Qatar	Middle East	13	Established	±0.50
43	🇸🇦Saudi Arabia	Middle East	13	Established	±0.43
44	🇸🇰Slovakia	Europe	13	Established	±0.43
45	🇦🇪United Arab Emirates	Middle East	13	Established	±0.00
46	🇺🇾Uruguay	Americas	13	Established	±0.43
47	🇦🇩Andorra	Europe	12	Established	±0.43
48	🇧🇼Botswana	Africa	12	Established	±0.43
49	🇧🇷Brazil	Americas	12	Established	±0.00
50	🇧🇬Bulgaria	Europe	12	Established	±0.43
51	🇨🇴Colombia	Americas	12	Established	±0.50
52	🇨🇾Cyprus	Middle East	12	Established	±0.43
53	🇬🇪Georgia	Middle East	12	Established	±0.43
54	🇭🇺Hungary	Europe	12	Established	±0.43
55	🇮🇳India	Asia Pacific	12	Established	±0.43
56	🇮🇩Indonesia	Asia Pacific	12	Established	±0.50
57	🇲🇽Mexico	Americas	12	Established	±0.43
58	🇲🇦Morocco	Africa	12	Established	±0.00
59	🇵🇪Peru	Americas	12	Established	±0.43
60	🇷🇴Romania	Europe	12	Established	±0.00
61	🇷🇺Russia	Europe	12	Established	±0.43
62	🇸🇲San Marino	Europe	12	Established	±0.50
63	🇿🇦South Africa	Africa	12	Established	±0.43
64	🇹🇭Thailand	Asia Pacific	12	Established	±0.00
65	🇹🇷Türkiye	Middle East	12	Established	±0.43
66	🇨🇷Costa Rica	Americas	11	Transitional	±0.43
67	🇯🇲Jamaica	Americas	11	Transitional	±0.50
68	🇳🇦Namibia	Africa	11	Transitional	±0.00
69	🇴🇲Oman	Middle East	11	Transitional	±0.00
70	🇵🇦Panama	Americas	11	Transitional	±0.00
71	🇵🇭Philippines	Asia Pacific	11	Transitional	±0.00
72	🇷🇼Rwanda	Africa	11	Transitional	±0.87
73	🇷🇸Serbia	Europe	11	Transitional	±0.00
74	🇸🇨Seychelles	Africa	11	Transitional	±0.43
75	🇦🇱Albania	Europe	10	Transitional	±0.43
76	🇦🇲Armenia	Middle East	10	Transitional	±0.00
77	🇧🇭Bahrain	Middle East	10	Transitional	±0.00
78	🇧🇧Barbados	Americas	10	Transitional	±0.00
79	🇨🇻Cabo Verde	Africa	10	Transitional	±0.43
80	🇩🇴Dominican Republic	Americas	10	Transitional	±0.00
81	🇰🇿Kazakhstan	Asia Pacific	10	Transitional	±0.00
82	🇲🇪Montenegro	Europe	10	Transitional	±0.50
83	🇲🇰North Macedonia	Europe	10	Transitional	±0.00
84	🇵🇾Paraguay	Americas	10	Transitional	±0.00
85	🇸🇳Senegal	Africa	10	Transitional	±0.50
86	🇹🇹Trinidad & Tobago	Americas	10	Transitional	±0.43
87	🇻🇳Vietnam	Asia Pacific	10	Transitional	±0.00
88	🇩🇿Algeria	Africa	9	Transitional	±0.50
89	🇦🇿Azerbaijan	Middle East	9	Transitional	±0.00
90	🇧🇸Bahamas	Americas	9	Transitional	±0.00
91	🇧🇹Bhutan	Asia Pacific	9	Transitional	±0.00
92	🇧🇳Brunei	Asia Pacific	9	Transitional	±0.43
93	🇨🇮Côte d'Ivoire	Africa	9	Transitional	±0.00
94	🇪🇬Egypt	Africa	9	Transitional	±0.43
95	🇬🇭Ghana	Africa	9	Transitional	±0.50
96	🇬🇹Guatemala	Americas	9	Transitional	±0.43
97	🇯🇴Jordan	Middle East	9	Transitional	±0.43
98	🇰🇪Kenya	Africa	9	Transitional	±0.00
99	🇰🇼Kuwait	Middle East	9	Transitional	±0.00
100	🇲🇩Moldova	Europe	9	Transitional	±0.00
101	🇲🇳Mongolia	Asia Pacific	9	Transitional	±0.43
102	🇹🇿Tanzania	Africa	9	Transitional	±0.00
103	🇹🇳Tunisia	Africa	9	Transitional	±0.43
104	🇺🇦Ukraine	Europe	9	Transitional	±0.43
105	🇦🇬Antigua & Barbuda	Americas	8	Foundational	±0.43
106	🇦🇷Argentina	Americas	8	Foundational	±0.43
107	🇧🇩Bangladesh	Asia Pacific	8	Foundational	±0.00
108	🇧🇾Belarus	Europe	8	Foundational	±0.71
109	🇧🇿Belize	Americas	8	Foundational	±0.50
110	🇧🇯Benin	Africa	8	Foundational	±0.43
111	🇧🇦Bosnia & Herzegovina	Europe	8	Foundational	±0.43
112	🇩🇲Dominica	Americas	8	Foundational	±0.43
113	🇪🇨Ecuador	Americas	8	Foundational	±0.00
114	🇸🇻El Salvador	Americas	8	Foundational	±0.00
115	🇫🇯Fiji	Asia Pacific	8	Foundational	±0.00
116	🇬🇩Grenada	Americas	8	Foundational	±0.00
117	🇽🇰Kosovo	Europe	8	Foundational	±0.50
118	🇳🇬Nigeria	Africa	8	Foundational	±0.00
119	🇵🇰Pakistan	Asia Pacific	8	Foundational	±0.00
120	🇱🇰Sri Lanka	Asia Pacific	8	Foundational	±0.71
121	🇺🇬Uganda	Africa	8	Foundational	±0.00
122	🇺🇿Uzbekistan	Asia Pacific	8	Foundational	±0.00
123	🇦🇴Angola	Africa	7	Foundational	±0.00
124	🇧🇴Bolivia	Americas	7	Foundational	±0.43
125	🇰🇭Cambodia	Asia Pacific	7	Foundational	±0.43
126	🇸🇿Eswatini	Africa	7	Foundational	±0.50
127	🇪🇹Ethiopia	Africa	7	Foundational	±0.00
128	🇬🇾Guyana	Americas	7	Foundational	±0.43
129	🇭🇳Honduras	Americas	7	Foundational	±0.43
130	🇰🇬Kyrgyzstan	Asia Pacific	7	Foundational	±0.00
131	🇲🇻Maldives	Asia Pacific	7	Foundational	±0.00
132	🇳🇵Nepal	Asia Pacific	7	Foundational	±0.43
133	🇳🇮Nicaragua	Americas	7	Foundational	±0.50
134	🇰🇳Saint Kitts & Nevis	Americas	7	Foundational	±0.43
135	🇱🇨Saint Lucia	Americas	7	Foundational	±0.43
136	🇻🇨Saint Vincent & Grenadines	Americas	7	Foundational	±0.43
137	🇼🇸Samoa	Asia Pacific	7	Foundational	±0.00
138	🇿🇲Zambia	Africa	7	Foundational	±0.00
139	🇧🇫Burkina Faso	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.00
140	🇨🇲Cameroon	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.43
141	🇬🇦Gabon	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.00
142	🇬🇲Gambia	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.00
143	🇮🇷Iran	Asia Pacific	6	Foundational	±0.00
144	🇱🇸Lesotho	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.00
145	🇲🇷Mauritania	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.43
146	🇲🇿Mozambique	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.50
147	🇳🇪Niger	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.50
148	🇵🇬Papua New Guinea	Asia Pacific	6	Foundational	±0.00
149	🇸🇹São Tomé & Príncipe	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.00
150	🇸🇱Sierra Leone	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.43
151	🇸🇧Solomon Islands	Asia Pacific	6	Foundational	±0.00
152	🇸🇷Suriname	Americas	6	Foundational	±0.00
153	🇹🇯Tajikistan	Asia Pacific	6	Foundational	±0.43
154	🇹🇱Timor-Leste	Asia Pacific	6	Foundational	±0.43
155	🇹🇬Togo	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.43
156	🇹🇴Tonga	Asia Pacific	6	Foundational	±0.00
157	🇻🇺Vanuatu	Asia Pacific	6	Foundational	±0.43
158	🇧🇮Burundi	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.50
159	🇨🇬Congo	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.00
160	🇨🇺Cuba	Americas	5	Nascent	±0.00
161	🇩🇯Djibouti	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.43
162	🇬🇶Equatorial Guinea	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.00
163	🇬🇳Guinea	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.00
164	🇻🇦Holy See	Europe	5	Nascent	±0.00
165	🇮🇶Iraq	Middle East	5	Nascent	±0.00
166	🇰🇮Kiribati	Asia Pacific	5	Nascent	±0.00
167	🇱🇦Laos	Asia Pacific	5	Nascent	±0.00
168	🇱🇷Liberia	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.50
169	🇲🇬Madagascar	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.43
170	🇲🇼Malawi	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.00
171	🇲🇱Mali	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.43
172	🇲🇭Marshall Islands	Asia Pacific	5	Nascent	±0.00
173	🇫🇲Micronesia	Asia Pacific	5	Nascent	±0.00
174	🇵🇼Palau	Asia Pacific	5	Nascent	±0.00
175	🇵🇸Palestine	Middle East	5	Nascent	±0.43
176	🇹🇲Turkmenistan	Asia Pacific	5	Nascent	±0.50
177	🇹🇻Tuvalu	Asia Pacific	5	Nascent	±0.43
178	🇹🇩Chad	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.00
179	🇰🇲Comoros	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.43
180	🇨🇩DR Congo	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.00
181	🇬🇼Guinea-Bissau	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.00
182	🇲🇲Myanmar	Asia Pacific	4	Nascent	±0.43
183	🇳🇷Nauru	Asia Pacific	4	Nascent	±0.43
184	🇿🇼Zimbabwe	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.00
185	🇦🇫Afghanistan	Asia Pacific	3	Nascent	±0.50
186	🇨🇫Central African Rep.	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.00
187	🇪🇷Eritrea	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.50
188	🇭🇹Haiti	Americas	3	Nascent	±0.43
189	🇱🇧Lebanon	Middle East	3	Nascent	±0.43
190	🇸🇴Somalia	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.43
191	🇸🇩Sudan	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.50
192	🇱🇾Libya	Africa	2	Inception	±0.43
193	🇰🇵North Korea	Asia Pacific	2	Inception	±0.00
194	🇸🇸South Sudan	Africa	2	Inception	±0.00
195	🇸🇾Syria	Middle East	2	Inception	±0.43
196	🇻🇪Venezuela	Americas	2	Inception	±0.43
197	🇾🇪Yemen	Middle East	2	Inception	±0.43

Others in Fiscal Capacity & Public Finance

Capability	World mean	Range	Leader
Revenue Mobilisation & Tax Administration	9.3	1–18	Finland, Singapore, Sweden
Sovereign Debt & Treasury Management	8.2	0–19	Germany, United States
Public Investment Management	8.4	1–18	Singapore