Knowledge Production — National Capability Index

Indicators

The measures seeded for this capability in the framework. They are candidate indicators: no cell in the index has a source document attached to it yet.

scientific publication output and world share
highly cited publication share
international co-authorship rate

Band spread across 197 nations

Frontier 7

Advanced 17

Established 19

Transitional 22

Foundational 34

Nascent 52

Inception 46

All 197 nations

Best first. The score is the mean of the four adjudicators' round-3 integers, rounded to the nearest integer; ±SD is their spread on that cell. Where the spread is three points or more, read the number as a band rather than a value.

#	Nation	Region	Score	Band	Panel SD
1	🇺🇸United States	Americas	20	Frontier	±0.00
2	🇨🇭Switzerland	Europe	19	Frontier	±0.50
3	🇬🇧United Kingdom	Europe	19	Frontier	±0.00
4	🇨🇳China	Asia Pacific	18	Frontier	±0.00
5	🇩🇪Germany	Europe	18	Frontier	±0.43
6	🇯🇵Japan	Asia Pacific	18	Frontier	±0.43
7	🇸🇪Sweden	Europe	18	Frontier	±0.50
8	🇨🇦Canada	Americas	17	Advanced	±0.43
9	🇩🇰Denmark	Europe	17	Advanced	±0.43
10	🇫🇷France	Europe	17	Advanced	±0.43
11	🇮🇱Israel	Middle East	17	Advanced	±0.00
12	🇳🇱Netherlands	Europe	17	Advanced	±0.43
13	🇰🇷South Korea	Asia Pacific	17	Advanced	±0.00
14	🇦🇺Australia	Asia Pacific	16	Advanced	±0.00
15	🇧🇪Belgium	Europe	16	Advanced	±0.00
16	🇫🇮Finland	Europe	16	Advanced	±0.43
17	🇮🇹Italy	Europe	16	Advanced	±0.50
18	🇳🇴Norway	Europe	16	Advanced	±0.00
19	🇸🇬Singapore	Asia Pacific	16	Advanced	±0.43
20	🇹🇼Taiwan	Asia Pacific	16	Advanced	±0.00
21	🇦🇹Austria	Europe	15	Advanced	±0.00
22	🇮🇪Ireland	Europe	15	Advanced	±0.00
23	🇳🇿New Zealand	Asia Pacific	15	Advanced	±0.00
24	🇪🇸Spain	Europe	15	Advanced	±0.43
25	🇮🇳India	Asia Pacific	14	Established	±0.00
26	🇵🇹Portugal	Europe	14	Established	±0.00
27	🇧🇷Brazil	Americas	13	Established	±0.00
28	🇨🇿Czechia	Europe	13	Established	±0.43
29	🇪🇪Estonia	Europe	13	Established	±0.43
30	🇭🇺Hungary	Europe	13	Established	±0.00
31	🇲🇽Mexico	Americas	13	Established	±0.43
32	🇵🇱Poland	Europe	13	Established	±0.00
33	🇷🇺Russia	Europe	13	Established	±0.00
34	🇿🇦South Africa	Africa	13	Established	±0.50
35	🇹🇷Türkiye	Middle East	13	Established	±0.00
36	🇨🇱Chile	Americas	12	Established	±0.50
37	🇬🇷Greece	Europe	12	Established	±0.00
38	🇮🇸Iceland	Europe	12	Established	±0.00
39	🇮🇷Iran	Asia Pacific	12	Established	±0.00
40	🇱🇺Luxembourg	Europe	12	Established	±0.00
41	🇲🇾Malaysia	Asia Pacific	12	Established	±0.00
42	🇸🇦Saudi Arabia	Middle East	12	Established	±0.00
43	🇸🇮Slovenia	Europe	12	Established	±0.00
44	🇦🇷Argentina	Americas	11	Transitional	±0.71
45	🇭🇷Croatia	Europe	11	Transitional	±0.43
46	🇱🇹Lithuania	Europe	11	Transitional	±0.43
47	🇷🇴Romania	Europe	11	Transitional	±0.43
48	🇸🇰Slovakia	Europe	11	Transitional	±0.50
49	🇹🇭Thailand	Asia Pacific	11	Transitional	±0.00
50	🇦🇪United Arab Emirates	Middle East	11	Transitional	±0.00
51	🇨🇴Colombia	Americas	10	Transitional	±0.43
52	🇪🇬Egypt	Africa	10	Transitional	±0.00
53	🇮🇩Indonesia	Asia Pacific	10	Transitional	±0.00
54	🇱🇻Latvia	Europe	10	Transitional	±0.43
55	🇷🇸Serbia	Europe	10	Transitional	±0.00
56	🇺🇦Ukraine	Europe	10	Transitional	±0.00
57	🇻🇳Vietnam	Asia Pacific	10	Transitional	±0.00
58	🇧🇬Bulgaria	Europe	9	Transitional	±0.71
59	🇨🇾Cyprus	Middle East	9	Transitional	±0.50
60	🇲🇦Morocco	Africa	9	Transitional	±0.00
61	🇳🇬Nigeria	Africa	9	Transitional	±0.43
62	🇵🇰Pakistan	Asia Pacific	9	Transitional	±0.00
63	🇶🇦Qatar	Middle East	9	Transitional	±0.00
64	🇹🇳Tunisia	Africa	9	Transitional	±0.00
65	🇺🇾Uruguay	Americas	9	Transitional	±0.43
66	🇧🇩Bangladesh	Asia Pacific	8	Foundational	±0.50
67	🇬🇭Ghana	Africa	8	Foundational	±0.43
68	🇰🇪Kenya	Africa	8	Foundational	±0.50
69	🇲🇹Malta	Europe	8	Foundational	±0.43
70	🇵🇪Peru	Americas	8	Foundational	±0.43
71	🇵🇭Philippines	Asia Pacific	8	Foundational	±0.00
72	🇩🇿Algeria	Africa	7	Foundational	±0.83
73	🇧🇾Belarus	Europe	7	Foundational	±0.43
74	🇨🇷Costa Rica	Americas	7	Foundational	±0.43
75	🇨🇺Cuba	Americas	7	Foundational	±1.09
76	🇪🇨Ecuador	Americas	7	Foundational	±0.50
77	🇪🇹Ethiopia	Africa	7	Foundational	±0.43
78	🇬🇪Georgia	Middle East	7	Foundational	±0.43
79	🇯🇴Jordan	Middle East	7	Foundational	±0.43
80	🇰🇿Kazakhstan	Asia Pacific	7	Foundational	±0.00
81	🇱🇧Lebanon	Middle East	7	Foundational	±0.43
82	🇲🇺Mauritius	Africa	7	Foundational	±0.50
83	🇱🇰Sri Lanka	Asia Pacific	7	Foundational	±0.43
84	🇺🇬Uganda	Africa	7	Foundational	±0.00
85	🇦🇲Armenia	Middle East	6	Foundational	±0.83
86	🇦🇿Azerbaijan	Middle East	6	Foundational	±0.43
87	🇧🇦Bosnia & Herzegovina	Europe	6	Foundational	±0.43
88	🇯🇲Jamaica	Americas	6	Foundational	±0.50
89	🇰🇼Kuwait	Middle East	6	Foundational	±0.00
90	🇲🇩Moldova	Europe	6	Foundational	±0.00
91	🇲🇪Montenegro	Europe	6	Foundational	±0.50
92	🇲🇰North Macedonia	Europe	6	Foundational	±0.00
93	🇴🇲Oman	Middle East	6	Foundational	±0.43
94	🇵🇦Panama	Americas	6	Foundational	±0.50
95	🇸🇳Senegal	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.43
96	🇹🇿Tanzania	Africa	6	Foundational	±0.00
97	🇹🇹Trinidad & Tobago	Americas	6	Foundational	±0.00
98	🇺🇿Uzbekistan	Asia Pacific	6	Foundational	±0.50
99	🇻🇪Venezuela	Americas	6	Foundational	±0.00
100	🇦🇱Albania	Europe	5	Nascent	±0.50
101	🇧🇭Bahrain	Middle East	5	Nascent	±0.71
102	🇧🇼Botswana	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.43
103	🇨🇲Cameroon	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.43
104	🇨🇮Côte d'Ivoire	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.00
105	🇩🇴Dominican Republic	Americas	5	Nascent	±0.71
106	🇮🇶Iraq	Middle East	5	Nascent	±0.00
107	🇲🇳Mongolia	Asia Pacific	5	Nascent	±0.43
108	🇳🇦Namibia	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.43
109	🇳🇵Nepal	Asia Pacific	5	Nascent	±0.43
110	🇵🇸Palestine	Middle East	5	Nascent	±0.43
111	🇵🇾Paraguay	Americas	5	Nascent	±0.50
112	🇷🇼Rwanda	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.00
113	🇿🇲Zambia	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.00
114	🇿🇼Zimbabwe	Africa	5	Nascent	±0.43
115	🇧🇧Barbados	Americas	4	Nascent	±0.71
116	🇧🇯Benin	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.00
117	🇧🇴Bolivia	Americas	4	Nascent	±0.43
118	🇧🇳Brunei	Asia Pacific	4	Nascent	±0.50
119	🇧🇫Burkina Faso	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.43
120	🇰🇭Cambodia	Asia Pacific	4	Nascent	±0.43
121	🇸🇻El Salvador	Americas	4	Nascent	±0.00
122	🇫🇯Fiji	Asia Pacific	4	Nascent	±0.43
123	🇬🇹Guatemala	Americas	4	Nascent	±0.00
124	🇽🇰Kosovo	Europe	4	Nascent	±0.50
125	🇰🇬Kyrgyzstan	Asia Pacific	4	Nascent	±0.00
126	🇲🇬Madagascar	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.43
127	🇲🇼Malawi	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.00
128	🇲🇱Mali	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.43
129	🇲🇿Mozambique	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.00
130	🇹🇬Togo	Africa	4	Nascent	±0.50
131	🇦🇴Angola	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.00
132	🇨🇻Cabo Verde	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.50
133	🇨🇬Congo	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.50
134	🇨🇩DR Congo	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.43
135	🇬🇦Gabon	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.00
136	🇬🇲Gambia	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.50
137	🇭🇳Honduras	Americas	3	Nascent	±0.43
138	🇱🇦Laos	Asia Pacific	3	Nascent	±0.50
139	🇱🇸Lesotho	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.50
140	🇱🇾Libya	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.00
141	🇱🇮Liechtenstein	Europe	3	Nascent	±0.00
142	🇲🇻Maldives	Asia Pacific	3	Nascent	±0.50
143	🇲🇷Mauritania	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.43
144	🇲🇲Myanmar	Asia Pacific	3	Nascent	±0.00
145	🇳🇮Nicaragua	Americas	3	Nascent	±0.00
146	🇳🇪Niger	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.50
147	🇰🇵North Korea	Asia Pacific	3	Nascent	±0.50
148	🇵🇬Papua New Guinea	Asia Pacific	3	Nascent	±0.43
149	🇸🇱Sierra Leone	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.50
150	🇸🇩Sudan	Africa	3	Nascent	±0.43
151	🇹🇯Tajikistan	Asia Pacific	3	Nascent	±0.00
152	🇦🇩Andorra	Europe	2	Inception	±0.43
153	🇧🇸Bahamas	Americas	2	Inception	±0.43
154	🇧🇿Belize	Americas	2	Inception	±0.43
155	🇧🇹Bhutan	Asia Pacific	2	Inception	±0.43
156	🇧🇮Burundi	Africa	2	Inception	±0.00
157	🇸🇿Eswatini	Africa	2	Inception	±0.43
158	🇬🇩Grenada	Americas	2	Inception	±0.00
159	🇬🇳Guinea	Africa	2	Inception	±0.43
160	🇬🇾Guyana	Americas	2	Inception	±0.00
161	🇻🇦Holy See	Europe	2	Inception	±0.00
162	🇱🇷Liberia	Africa	2	Inception	±0.43
163	🇲🇨Monaco	Europe	2	Inception	±0.43
164	🇼🇸Samoa	Asia Pacific	2	Inception	±0.43
165	🇸🇨Seychelles	Africa	2	Inception	±0.00
166	🇸🇷Suriname	Americas	2	Inception	±0.43
167	🇸🇾Syria	Middle East	2	Inception	±0.43
168	🇹🇲Turkmenistan	Asia Pacific	2	Inception	±0.00
169	🇾🇪Yemen	Middle East	2	Inception	±0.43
170	🇦🇫Afghanistan	Asia Pacific	1	Inception	±0.50
171	🇦🇬Antigua & Barbuda	Americas	1	Inception	±0.43
172	🇨🇫Central African Rep.	Africa	1	Inception	±0.00
173	🇹🇩Chad	Africa	1	Inception	±0.00
174	🇰🇲Comoros	Africa	1	Inception	±0.00
175	🇩🇯Djibouti	Africa	1	Inception	±0.00
176	🇩🇲Dominica	Americas	1	Inception	±0.43
177	🇬🇶Equatorial Guinea	Africa	1	Inception	±0.00
178	🇪🇷Eritrea	Africa	1	Inception	±0.00
179	🇬🇼Guinea-Bissau	Africa	1	Inception	±0.43
180	🇭🇹Haiti	Americas	1	Inception	±0.00
181	🇰🇮Kiribati	Asia Pacific	1	Inception	±0.00
182	🇲🇭Marshall Islands	Asia Pacific	1	Inception	±0.00
183	🇫🇲Micronesia	Asia Pacific	1	Inception	±0.00
184	🇵🇼Palau	Asia Pacific	1	Inception	±0.43
185	🇰🇳Saint Kitts & Nevis	Americas	1	Inception	±0.43
186	🇱🇨Saint Lucia	Americas	1	Inception	±0.43
187	🇻🇨Saint Vincent & Grenadines	Americas	1	Inception	±0.43
188	🇸🇲San Marino	Europe	1	Inception	±0.00
189	🇸🇹São Tomé & Príncipe	Africa	1	Inception	±0.00
190	🇸🇧Solomon Islands	Asia Pacific	1	Inception	±0.00
191	🇸🇴Somalia	Africa	1	Inception	±0.00
192	🇸🇸South Sudan	Africa	1	Inception	±0.50
193	🇹🇱Timor-Leste	Asia Pacific	1	Inception	±0.00
194	🇹🇴Tonga	Asia Pacific	1	Inception	±0.00
195	🇹🇻Tuvalu	Asia Pacific	1	Inception	±0.43
196	🇻🇺Vanuatu	Asia Pacific	1	Inception	±0.43
197	🇳🇷Nauru	Asia Pacific	0	Inception	±0.00

Others in Research Talent & Knowledge Creation

Capability	World mean	Range	Leader
Research Workforce	7.2	1–20	United States
Talent Attraction & Retention	6.4	1–19	United States