Economic/Production & Innovation/Structural Transformation & Complexity

Economic Complexity & Capability Breadth

The capacity to make what few others can make: the accumulated productive knowledge, read through the sophistication and rarity of what the economy produces and exports.
factbase.org/cap/8SVRNXZH1N
World mean
7.3
of 20 · median 6.0
Range
0–19
middle half 3.0–11.0
Panel SD
±0.31
round 1 ±0.90 — the honest estimate
Leader
19
Germany, Japan, South Korea

Indicators

The measures seeded for this capability in the framework. They are candidate indicators: no cell in the index has a source document attached to it yet.

Band spread across 197 nations

Frontier 8
Advanced 12
Established 21
Transitional 28
Foundational 38
Nascent 61
Inception 29

All 197 nations

Best first. The score is the mean of the four adjudicators' round-3 integers, rounded to the nearest integer; ±SD is their spread on that cell. Where the spread is three points or more, read the number as a band rather than a value.

#NationRegionScoreBandPanel SD
1 🇩🇪Germany Europe 19 Frontier ±0.00
2 🇯🇵Japan Asia Pacific 19 Frontier ±0.00
3 🇰🇷South Korea Asia Pacific 19 Frontier ±0.00
4 🇨🇭Switzerland Europe 19 Frontier ±0.00
5 🇹🇼Taiwan Asia Pacific 19 Frontier ±0.50
6 🇺🇸United States Americas 19 Frontier ±0.50
7 🇨🇳China Asia Pacific 18 Frontier ±0.50
8 🇸🇬Singapore Asia Pacific 18 Frontier ±0.00
9 🇫🇷France Europe 17 Advanced ±0.43
10 🇳🇱Netherlands Europe 17 Advanced ±0.50
11 🇸🇪Sweden Europe 17 Advanced ±0.00
12 🇦🇹Austria Europe 16 Advanced ±0.00
13 🇧🇪Belgium Europe 16 Advanced ±0.50
14 🇩🇰Denmark Europe 16 Advanced ±0.43
15 🇫🇮Finland Europe 16 Advanced ±0.00
16 🇮🇱Israel Middle East 16 Advanced ±0.43
17 🇮🇹Italy Europe 16 Advanced ±0.43
18 🇬🇧United Kingdom Europe 16 Advanced ±0.43
19 🇨🇿Czechia Europe 15 Advanced ±0.00
20 🇮🇪Ireland Europe 15 Advanced ±0.00
21 🇨🇦Canada Americas 14 Established ±0.00
22 🇭🇺Hungary Europe 14 Established ±0.00
23 🇲🇾Malaysia Asia Pacific 14 Established ±0.00
24 🇲🇽Mexico Americas 14 Established ±0.00
25 🇵🇱Poland Europe 14 Established ±0.00
26 🇸🇰Slovakia Europe 14 Established ±0.00
27 🇸🇮Slovenia Europe 14 Established ±0.43
28 🇪🇸Spain Europe 14 Established ±0.43
29 🇪🇪Estonia Europe 13 Established ±0.43
30 🇱🇮Liechtenstein Europe 13 Established ±0.87
31 🇳🇴Norway Europe 13 Established ±0.50
32 🇵🇹Portugal Europe 13 Established ±0.43
33 🇹🇭Thailand Asia Pacific 13 Established ±0.43
34 🇹🇷Türkiye Middle East 13 Established ±0.43
35 🇦🇺Australia Asia Pacific 12 Established ±1.09
36 🇧🇷Brazil Americas 12 Established ±0.43
37 🇮🇳India Asia Pacific 12 Established ±0.43
38 🇱🇹Lithuania Europe 12 Established ±0.43
39 🇷🇴Romania Europe 12 Established ±0.43
40 🇷🇺Russia Europe 12 Established ±0.71
41 🇻🇳Vietnam Asia Pacific 12 Established ±0.00
42 🇦🇷Argentina Americas 11 Transitional ±0.50
43 🇧🇬Bulgaria Europe 11 Transitional ±0.50
44 🇭🇷Croatia Europe 11 Transitional ±0.71
45 🇬🇷Greece Europe 11 Transitional ±0.87
46 🇮🇩Indonesia Asia Pacific 11 Transitional ±0.71
47 🇱🇺Luxembourg Europe 11 Transitional ±0.83
48 🇳🇿New Zealand Asia Pacific 11 Transitional ±0.43
49 🇵🇭Philippines Asia Pacific 11 Transitional ±0.43
50 🇷🇸Serbia Europe 11 Transitional ±0.43
51 🇿🇦South Africa Africa 11 Transitional ±0.83
52 🇹🇳Tunisia Africa 11 Transitional ±0.50
53 🇦🇪United Arab Emirates Middle East 11 Transitional ±0.87
54 🇧🇾Belarus Europe 10 Transitional ±0.43
55 🇨🇱Chile Americas 10 Transitional ±0.87
56 🇨🇷Costa Rica Americas 10 Transitional ±0.00
57 🇱🇻Latvia Europe 10 Transitional ±0.00
58 🇲🇹Malta Europe 10 Transitional ±0.87
59 🇲🇦Morocco Africa 10 Transitional ±0.71
60 🇺🇦Ukraine Europe 10 Transitional ±0.43
61 🇨🇴Colombia Americas 9 Transitional ±0.00
62 🇪🇬Egypt Africa 9 Transitional ±0.43
63 🇮🇸Iceland Europe 9 Transitional ±0.71
64 🇮🇷Iran Asia Pacific 9 Transitional ±0.43
65 🇲🇺Mauritius Africa 9 Transitional ±1.09
66 🇲🇰North Macedonia Europe 9 Transitional ±0.50
67 🇵🇪Peru Americas 9 Transitional ±0.43
68 🇸🇦Saudi Arabia Middle East 9 Transitional ±0.71
69 🇺🇾Uruguay Americas 9 Transitional ±0.50
70 🇧🇩Bangladesh Asia Pacific 8 Foundational ±0.50
71 🇨🇾Cyprus Middle East 8 Foundational ±0.71
72 🇩🇴Dominican Republic Americas 8 Foundational ±0.43
73 🇬🇪Georgia Middle East 8 Foundational ±0.43
74 🇵🇰Pakistan Asia Pacific 8 Foundational ±0.00
75 🇸🇲San Marino Europe 8 Foundational ±0.43
76 🇱🇰Sri Lanka Asia Pacific 8 Foundational ±0.43
77 🇹🇹Trinidad & Tobago Americas 8 Foundational ±0.50
78 🇦🇲Armenia Middle East 7 Foundational ±0.43
79 🇧🇦Bosnia & Herzegovina Europe 7 Foundational ±0.00
80 🇰🇭Cambodia Asia Pacific 7 Foundational ±0.50
81 🇪🇨Ecuador Americas 7 Foundational ±0.00
82 🇸🇻El Salvador Americas 7 Foundational ±0.00
83 🇬🇭Ghana Africa 7 Foundational ±0.50
84 🇬🇹Guatemala Americas 7 Foundational ±0.00
85 🇯🇴Jordan Middle East 7 Foundational ±0.00
86 🇰🇿Kazakhstan Asia Pacific 7 Foundational ±0.83
87 🇰🇪Kenya Africa 7 Foundational ±0.50
88 🇲🇩Moldova Europe 7 Foundational ±0.83
89 🇴🇲Oman Middle East 7 Foundational ±1.12
90 🇵🇦Panama Americas 7 Foundational ±0.43
91 🇦🇱Albania Europe 6 Foundational ±0.00
92 🇩🇿Algeria Africa 6 Foundational ±0.43
93 🇧🇭Bahrain Middle East 6 Foundational ±0.50
94 🇨🇮Côte d'Ivoire Africa 6 Foundational ±0.50
95 🇨🇺Cuba Americas 6 Foundational ±0.43
96 🇪🇹Ethiopia Africa 6 Foundational ±0.43
97 🇭🇳Honduras Americas 6 Foundational ±0.00
98 🇱🇧Lebanon Middle East 6 Foundational ±0.43
99 🇲🇪Montenegro Europe 6 Foundational ±0.43
100 🇳🇮Nicaragua Americas 6 Foundational ±0.50
101 🇳🇬Nigeria Africa 6 Foundational ±0.43
102 🇵🇾Paraguay Americas 6 Foundational ±0.43
103 🇶🇦Qatar Middle East 6 Foundational ±0.83
104 🇸🇳Senegal Africa 6 Foundational ±0.00
105 🇹🇿Tanzania Africa 6 Foundational ±0.50
106 🇺🇿Uzbekistan Asia Pacific 6 Foundational ±0.43
107 🇻🇪Venezuela Americas 6 Foundational ±0.50
108 🇦🇿Azerbaijan Middle East 5 Nascent ±0.43
109 🇧🇴Bolivia Americas 5 Nascent ±0.43
110 🇧🇼Botswana Africa 5 Nascent ±0.50
111 🇨🇲Cameroon Africa 5 Nascent ±0.43
112 🇸🇿Eswatini Africa 5 Nascent ±0.43
113 🇫🇯Fiji Asia Pacific 5 Nascent ±0.43
114 🇯🇲Jamaica Americas 5 Nascent ±0.43
115 🇲🇬Madagascar Africa 5 Nascent ±0.50
116 🇲🇳Mongolia Asia Pacific 5 Nascent ±0.50
117 🇲🇲Myanmar Asia Pacific 5 Nascent ±0.43
118 🇳🇦Namibia Africa 5 Nascent ±0.00
119 🇰🇵North Korea Asia Pacific 5 Nascent ±0.43
120 🇷🇼Rwanda Africa 5 Nascent ±0.43
121 🇺🇬Uganda Africa 5 Nascent ±0.00
122 🇿🇲Zambia Africa 5 Nascent ±0.00
123 🇿🇼Zimbabwe Africa 5 Nascent ±0.00
124 🇦🇴Angola Africa 4 Nascent ±0.43
125 🇧🇧Barbados Americas 4 Nascent ±0.00
126 🇬🇦Gabon Africa 4 Nascent ±0.43
127 🇬🇾Guyana Americas 4 Nascent ±0.00
128 🇽🇰Kosovo Europe 4 Nascent ±0.43
129 🇰🇼Kuwait Middle East 4 Nascent ±0.43
130 🇰🇬Kyrgyzstan Asia Pacific 4 Nascent ±0.43
131 🇱🇦Laos Asia Pacific 4 Nascent ±0.43
132 🇱🇸Lesotho Africa 4 Nascent ±0.00
133 🇲🇿Mozambique Africa 4 Nascent ±0.00
134 🇳🇵Nepal Asia Pacific 4 Nascent ±0.00
135 🇵🇸Palestine Middle East 4 Nascent ±0.43
136 🇵🇬Papua New Guinea Asia Pacific 4 Nascent ±0.50
137 🇸🇨Seychelles Africa 4 Nascent ±0.00
138 🇸🇷Suriname Americas 4 Nascent ±0.00
139 🇹🇯Tajikistan Asia Pacific 4 Nascent ±0.00
140 🇹🇬Togo Africa 4 Nascent ±0.00
141 🇹🇲Turkmenistan Asia Pacific 4 Nascent ±0.43
142 🇦🇩Andorra Europe 3 Nascent ±0.71
143 🇧🇸Bahamas Americas 3 Nascent ±0.43
144 🇧🇿Belize Americas 3 Nascent ±0.00
145 🇧🇯Benin Africa 3 Nascent ±0.43
146 🇧🇹Bhutan Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±0.00
147 🇧🇳Brunei Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±0.00
148 🇧🇫Burkina Faso Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
149 🇨🇻Cabo Verde Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
150 🇨🇬Congo Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
151 🇩🇲Dominica Americas 3 Nascent ±0.43
152 🇨🇩DR Congo Africa 3 Nascent ±0.43
153 🇬🇶Equatorial Guinea Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
154 🇬🇲Gambia Africa 3 Nascent ±0.50
155 🇬🇩Grenada Americas 3 Nascent ±0.00
156 🇬🇳Guinea Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
157 🇭🇹Haiti Americas 3 Nascent ±0.00
158 🇮🇶Iraq Middle East 3 Nascent ±0.00
159 🇲🇼Malawi Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
160 🇲🇻Maldives Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±0.71
161 🇲🇱Mali Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
162 🇲🇷Mauritania Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
163 🇲🇨Monaco Europe 3 Nascent ±0.83
164 🇰🇳Saint Kitts & Nevis Americas 3 Nascent ±0.43
165 🇱🇨Saint Lucia Americas 3 Nascent ±0.43
166 🇻🇨Saint Vincent & Grenadines Americas 3 Nascent ±0.43
167 🇼🇸Samoa Asia Pacific 3 Nascent ±0.50
168 🇸🇱Sierra Leone Africa 3 Nascent ±0.00
169 🇦🇬Antigua & Barbuda Americas 2 Inception ±0.43
170 🇧🇮Burundi Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
171 🇨🇫Central African Rep. Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
172 🇹🇩Chad Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
173 🇰🇲Comoros Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
174 🇩🇯Djibouti Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
175 🇪🇷Eritrea Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
176 🇬🇼Guinea-Bissau Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
177 🇱🇷Liberia Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
178 🇱🇾Libya Africa 2 Inception ±0.43
179 🇳🇪Niger Africa 2 Inception ±0.00
180 🇸🇹São Tomé & Príncipe Africa 2 Inception ±0.43
181 🇸🇧Solomon Islands Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.00
182 🇸🇩Sudan Africa 2 Inception ±0.43
183 🇸🇾Syria Middle East 2 Inception ±0.43
184 🇹🇱Timor-Leste Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.00
185 🇹🇴Tonga Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.00
186 🇻🇺Vanuatu Asia Pacific 2 Inception ±0.00
187 🇾🇪Yemen Middle East 2 Inception ±0.43
188 🇦🇫Afghanistan Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
189 🇰🇮Kiribati Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
190 🇲🇭Marshall Islands Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
191 🇫🇲Micronesia Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
192 🇳🇷Nauru Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
193 🇵🇼Palau Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
194 🇸🇴Somalia Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
195 🇸🇸South Sudan Africa 1 Inception ±0.00
196 🇹🇻Tuvalu Asia Pacific 1 Inception ±0.00
197 🇻🇦Holy See Europe 0 Inception ±0.00

Others in Structural Transformation & Complexity

CapabilityWorld meanRangeLeader
Economic Diversification7.80–19United States
Regional & Place-Based Development7.10–15Canada, Germany, United States